8. The Pillar Coral (Dendrogyra cylindrus)
The Pillar Coral is a really amazing species that distinguishes itself from its coral brethren in more respects than one and will wow you. Tall, cylindrical columns created by this peculiar coral can reach heights of up to two meters, producing an underwater scene evocative of ancient Greek ruins. The Pillar Coral is really remarkable because of its unusual behaviour and reproductive technique. Pillar Corals keep their tentacles extended during the day, giving them a fuzzy, swaying look that has earned them the moniker “Fuzzy Finger Coral.” Unlike most coral species, which extend their tentacles just at night to feed, this daytime feeding strategy allows them to capture plankton and other small organisms continuously, so optimising their nutrient intake. Still, the Pillar Coral’s reproductive behaviour is arguably most remarkable. Usually following a full moon, Pillar Corals release both eggs and sperm into the water column in a synchronised action that mimics an underwater snowfall. These corals are hermaphrodite and participate in a remarkable spawning occurrence called “broadcast spawning.” Survival of the species and genetic variety depend on this huge spawning event. Unfortunately, a number of factors including habitat degradation, disease, and climate change now classify the Pillar Coral as vulnerable. Studying its resistance to environmental stresses and investigating creative conservation methods, scientists are hurrying to grasp and save this unusual species. The unique qualities of the Pillar Coral and its important function in reef ecosystems make it a flagship species for global coral protection projects. [ 4]