4. Hybrid Electric Propulsion
Combining several power sources allows the most recent hybrid electric propulsion systems to maximize submarine performance under various operating environments. Under control of sophisticated power management systems, these systems combine alternate power sources, diesel generators, and modern batteries. From ultra-quiet electric propulsion for stealth missions to high-power diesel-electric mode for transit, the technology lets submarines run in several states. Particularly lithium-ion and solid-state batteries, recent advancements in battery technology have greatly enhanced energy density and shortened charging periods, which makes hybrid systems rather appealing for modern submarine designs.