6. Ecological Impact of Prehistoric Squirrels
Prehistoric squirrels had a broad and major ecological impact that shaped the habitats they lived in and still affects ecosystems now. Key members of their prehistoric woods, these early rodents fulfilled several functions influencing the populations of plants and animals.
Prehistoric squirrels most certainly had one of the most significant ecological roles—that of seed distributor. Like their contemporary counterparts, these ancient rodents most likely practiced scatter-hoarding, burying seeds and nuts in many sites to save food for future use. While many of these caches would have been accessed and consumed, some would surely be ignored or left unharmed so the seeds may sprout and flourish into fresh plants.
The distribution and mix of plant species in prehistoric woods would have been considerably changed by this seed spreading action. Moving seeds away from parent trees and burying them in appropriate germination sites will help some plant species spread and colonize new areas. This could have affected plant evolution over time, perhaps favoring species that generated seeds appealing to squirrels.
Prehistoric squirrels most certainly helped to regulate insect numbers. Although they are mostly herbivorous, many contemporary squirrel species augment their diets with insects, particularly during mating seasons when protein demands are greater. Should prehistoric squirrels have had comparable eating patterns, they would have helped to control bug numbers, therefore indirectly influencing the dynamics of plants and forests.
Prey animals, prehistoric squirrels were a major component of the food chain in their habitats. Early birds of prey, primitive carnivorous animals, and maybe even some reptiles would have been among the several predators hunting them. The evolution and success of these predator species may have been impacted by the consistent availability of squirrels as food source.
Some prehistoric squirrel species, especially those with more ground-dwelling habits, would have had effects on soil composition and structure from their burrowing activities. Burrows help to cycle nutrients, aerate the ground, and give other small animals home. Although less prevalent in species that live in trees, even arboreal squirrels could have affected soil processes by their foraging and cache behavior on the forest floor.
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