2. Anatomical Features of Early Squirrel Ancestors
Prehistoric squirrels’ anatomical traits offer an interesting window into the evolutionary trip of these amazing animals. Although they were somewhat comparable to their current counterparts, they also differed greatly.
The dentition of early squirrel progenitors was among their most remarkable traits. Like contemporary squirrels, they had sharp, chisel-like incisors that grew all their lives. Their adaption let them break open nuts and seeds and chew on hardy plant components. But prehistoric squirrels’ less specialized molars suggested a more broad diet than those of current species.
Furthermore offering insightful analysis of their lifestyle and habits is the skull form of these extinct rodents. Large eye sockets seen in fossil data point to well developed vision. Finding predators and negotiating tree canopies would have required this quality most importantly. Their skulls also exhibit strong jaw muscles, which would have been required for their chewing tendencies.
Another area of notable adaption were prehistoric squirrels’ limbs. Sharp, curled claws on their forelimbs were perfect for hanging on tree bark and climbing. Strong and robust, the hind limbs let for rapid motions and remarkable leaps between trees. Their great agility as arboreal animals came from these mix of elements.
Though in less evolved form, one of the most recognizable characteristics of modern squirrels—their bushy tails—was also present in their prehistoric forebears. Early squirrel-like animals’ lengthy tails most certainly had several uses. While climbing and jumping, they would have helped to balance; they would have served as a counterweight during acrobatic moves; and in colder climates, they would have acted as some insulation.
Fascinatingly, some extinct squirrel species also displayed gliding-oriented modifications. Like current flying squirrels, fossils of animals like Eomys quercyi, from the late Eocene, exhibit evidence of skin membranes between their limbs. This implies that gliding developed really early in squirrel evolution.
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